sábado, enero 20, 2007
Servicio YAHOO de preguntas y respuestas
Arriba está el enlace. Algunas preguntas son muy simple de contestar y otras complejas.
viernes, enero 19, 2007
Los Blogs en NOTICIERO-DIGITAL
El NOTICIERO DIGITAL aparece en el enlace de arriba y ahora aquí les voy a colocar los Blogs de varios venezolanos muy conocidos:
El Blog De charles Brewer
El Blog de Faitha Nahmens
El Blog de Laureano Márquez
El Blog de Roger Santodomingo
El Blog de marianella Salazar
El Blog de Claudio Nazoa
El Blog de Nelson Bocaranda
El Blog de Fausto Masó
El Blog de Nitu Pèrez Osuna
El Blog de Argelia Ríos
Las Imagenes mas impactantes
La Guerra en Irag. Las imágenes más impactantes aparecen en el enlace de arriba.
Una excelente conología de esta guera es la siguiente:
Fall, 1999
©2007 public
Before his presidency, Bush reveals his interest in invading Iraq.
Author and journalist Mickey Herskowitz recounts Bush's comment that: "One of the keys to being seen as a great leader is to be seen as a commander-in-chief... My father had all this political capital built up when he drove the Iraqis out of Kuwait and he wasted it... If I have a chance to invade, if I had that much capital, I'm not going to waste it." Herskowitz states that "Bush expressed frustration in a lifetime as an underachiever in the shadow of an accomplished father. In aggressive military action, he saw the opportunity to emerge from his father's shadow." (Russ Barker, Thursday, Oct. 28, 2004 on gnn.tv).
Early 2001
The CIA informs the Bush administration that the "aluminum tubes," later to be used as evidence of a nuclear WMD program, were probably not intended for that purpose.
In the article, CIA officials and a senior administration official say that Rice's staff had been told in 2001 that Energy Department experts believed the tubes were most likely intended for small artillery rockets, and not a nuclear program. (New York Times, Oct. 3, 2004)
March, 2002
Despite his later claims that he had not yet decided to attack Iraq, Bush indicates his intention to do so.
Bush states to National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice and three U.S. Senators: "Fuck Saddam. We're taking him out," (Time Magazine, March 24, 2003).
May, 2002
Prior to Congress' Oct. 11 authorization of the Iraq invasion, Bush initiates war in Iraq's No Fly Zone.
Bush ordered the tonnage of bombs being dropped on Iraq to rise from 0 in March 2002 and 0.3 in April 2002 to between 7 and 14 tons per month in May-August, reaching a pre-war peak of 54.6 tons in September (New Statesman, May 30, 2005).
The U.N. established No Fly Zones in 1991 (in U.N. resolution 688) and 1992. Accordingly, it is illegal for the allied pilots (U.K. and U.S.) to bomb within the NFZs except to prevent humanitarian crises between the Sunnis and the Shias or in self-defense. To constitute self-defense, "there must be more than 'a threat.' There has to be an armed attack, actual or imminent. The development or possession of nuclear weapons does not in itself amount to an armed attack; what would be needed would be clear evidence of an imminent attack." (British Foreign Office legal advice).
July 23, 2002
During a meeting of top U.S. and U.K. officials regarding a possible attack on Iraq, foreign policy aide Matthew Rycroft makes the following observations about Bush's comments (Downing Street Documents).
"It seemed clear that Bush had made up his mind to take military action, even if the timing was not yet decided."
"There was a perceptible shift in attitude. Military action was now seen as inevitable. Bush wanted to remove Saddam, through military action, justified by the conjunction of terrorism and WMD. But the intelligence and facts were being fixed around the policy.
"But the case was thin. Saddam was not threatening his neighbours, and his WMD capability was less than that of Libya, North Korea or Iran.
In reference to illegal bombings begun in May: "The Defence Secretary said that the US had already begun 'spikes of activity' to put pressure on the regime."
"There was little discussion in Washington of the aftermath after military action."
"The NSC had no patience with the UN route, and no enthusiasm for publishing material on the Iraqi regime's record."
"No decisions had been taken, but he thought the most likely timing in US minds for military action to begin was January, with the timeline beginning 30 days before the US Congressional elections."
Aug. 10, 2002
Bush claims publicly that he has no imminent war plan or timetable for war with Iraq, despite clear indications to the contrary in the Downing Street memo and despite having previously initiated bombing in the NFZs (Transcript, Waco, TX).
Sept. 19, 2002
President Bush sends the Iraq Resolution to Congress requesting authorization to use military force against Iraq (Video & Transcript).
Oct. 16, 2002
Congress grants authorization to go to war with Iraq in order to "enforce all relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq," or to "defend the national security of the United States against the continuing threat posed by Iraq" (Congress' Authorization to go to War). Subsequently, Bush failed to meet either of these conditions for war.
February 2002 - Jan. 28, 2003
Numerous sources advising the Bush Administration debunk allegations that Niger sold "yellow-cake" uranium, used in the construction of WMDs, to Iraq (CNN, March 14th, 2003). However, in Bush's subsequent State of the Union Address to Congress, he claims that the sale did occur. Misleading Congress is a crime.
February 2002
Cheney requests that the uranium sales story be investigated, and Ambassador Wilson is sent to Niger to do so. Ambassador Barbara Owens-Kirkpatrick informs Wilson that she had already told Washington that the allegations of uranium sales to Iraq were false.(New York Times, July 6, 2003)
March 9th, 2002
Wilson's report is given to the White House. The report concludes there was no evidence that the uranium sale had occurred, and that it would be extremely unlikely for it to have taken place. (Time, July 21, 2003)
Early October, 2002
CIA Director George Tenet argues "to White House officials, including Deputy National Security Adviser Stephen Hadley," that the Nigerian uranium claim should not be included in Bush's Oct. 7th speech because the allegation is based on only one source. (Washington Post & Truthout.org, July 23, 2003)
Fall, 2002
The former head of CIA covert operations in Europe and a 26-year veteran of the agency, Tyler Drumheller, states that the allegations did not hold together. According to Drumheller, the CIA informed the White House that "the Africa story is overblown" and "the evidence is weak.'" Drumheller also reports that the Bush Administration had intelligence from Saddam Hussein's inner circle indicating that Iraq "had no active weapons of mass destruction program." Bush's speech writers took the uranium reference out of the Oct. 7th speech (CBS, April 23, 2006), though they would add it back in to subsequent speeches.
December, 2002
Director General of the IAEA Mohamed ElBaradei sends a letter to the White House and the National Security Council warning senior officials that he believes the documents were forgeries and should not be cited by the administration as evidence that Iraq was actively trying to obtain WMDs. ElBaradei receives no written response to his letter, despite repeated follow-up calls he makes to the White House, the NSC and the State Department (Couterbias, Jan. 27, 2006).
Jan. 12, 2003
The State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research expresses "concerns to the CIA that the documents pertaining to the Iraq-Niger deal were forgeries" and notes that it may already have informed intelligence agencies of this (Declassified Memo).
Jan. 17, 2003
The State Department tells the CIA that the intelligence reports upon which the uranium claims were based were forgeries (Declassified Memo).
Jan. 28, 2003
Despite having been informed numerous times to the contrary, Bush claims in his State of the Union Address to Congress that "the British Government has learned that Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa" (Transcript & Video).
Jan. 28, 2003 Bush misleads congress about chemical WMDs
Bush claims in his State of the Union address to Congress that Iraq is pursuing and has vast stockpiles of checmical weapons. In this speech, he leaves out key words used by his intelligence agency which modify the assertions he puts forth. These modifications would have cast doubt on his assertions, and the removal of these modifiers amounts to misleading congress. An analysis of these changes to the intelligence reports was made by John W. Dean, a FindLaw columnist, and a former counsel to President Richard Nixon. (FindLaw, July 18, 2003)
Jan. 31, 2003
The New York Times reports that a secret memo reveals that President Bush and Prime Minister Blair agreed to invade Iraq even without U.N. backing. The Guardian reporting on the same memo states that PRIVATELY:
"Mr Bush made it clear the US intended to invade whether or not there was a second UN resolution and even if UN inspectors found no evidence of a banned Iraqi weapons programme."
"The diplomatic strategy had to be arranged around the military planning," The Guardian reported that Bush told Blair.
The memo is also said to reveal that President Bush suggested "flying U2 reconnaissance aircraft planes with fighter cover over Iraq, painted in UN colours," in order to provoke Saddam to shoot on them, therefore putting Iraq in breach of United Nations resolutions.
March 6, 2003
PUBLICLY: "I've not made up our mind [sic] about military action. Hopefully, this can be done peacefully..."
George W. Bush, White House Press Conference (Transcript & Video)
March 7, 2003
United Nations Chief Weapons Inspector Hans Blix's report on WMDs shows Iraq was cooperating with weapons inspectors, and presence of WMDs could not be confirmed. Inspector indicated more time was needed as Iraq was becoming increasingly forthcoming, and much progress was being made. A prediction of months (not weeks or years) was needed. Bush is to later pull these inspectors from Iraq and claim Saddam "wouldn't let them in." (CNN, March 7, 2003)
March 8, 2003
PUBLICLY: "We are doing everything we can to avoid war in Iraq." Radio Address (Transcript & Video), George W. Bush
March 17, 2003
Bush advises U.N. weapons inspectors to leave Iraq Immediately. Address to Nation (Transcript & Video)
March 17, 2003
PUBLICLY: "America tried to work with the United Nations to address this threat because we wanted to resolve the issue peacefully. We believe in the mission of the United Nations." George W. Bush, in Address to the Nation (Transcript & Video)
March 18, 2003
Bush statements to Congress prior to revealing war
Bush Letter to Congress:
"[A]cting pursuant to the Constitution and [the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002] is consistent with the United States and other countries continuing to take the necessary actions against international terrorists and terrorist organizations, including those nations, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001." (The White House, March, 2003)
March 19, 2003
Bush reveals ongoing war with Iraq and increases intensity. (Transcript & Video)
War announced despite Iraq not having been shown to be a threat to the U.S., and without a resolution from the U.N. Security Council. These conditions were required by Congress' authorization to go to war.
July 14, 2003
BUSH LYING TO PUBLIC: "The larger point is, and the fundamental question is, did Saddam Hussein have a weapons program? And the answer is, absolutely. And we gave him a chance to allow the inspectors in, and he wouldn't let them in. And, therefore, after a reasonable request, we decided to remove him from power, along with other nations, so as to make sure he was not a threat to the United States and our friends and allies in the region..." George W. Bush, Photo Op in the Oval Office (Transcript & Video)
Sept. 17, 2003 (Transcript and Video)
BUSH'S PUBLIC ADMISSION: Connection between Iraq and 9/11 Bush Quote Audio
Audio showing Bush knew about the lack of connection between Iraq and 9/11.
July 29, 2004
Declassified CIA-commissioned report on pre-war intelligence
"Some in the Intelligence Community and elsewhere hold the view that intense policymaker demands in the run-up to the war constituted inappropriate pressure on intelligence analysts."
"Despite the pressure, however, the Intelligence Community remained firm in its assessment that no operational or collaborative relationship existed [between Iraq and al-Qa'ida]. In the case of Iraq's possession of WMD, on the other hand, analytic judgments and policy views were in accord, so that the impact of pressure, if any, was more nuanced and may have been considered reinforcing."
In light of this evidence, and the evidence to follow in this impeachment series, how can one doubt the impeachability of this president.
Jodin Morey
Impeach For Peace
jueves, enero 18, 2007
Una entrevista interesante
En el enlace de arriba aparece una entrevista al periodista norteamericano Ken Auletta que realiza su trabajo en The New Yorker.
Lo interesante de esta entrevista es que el explica cómo realiza sus tareas, entrevistas y reportajes. El comienza señalando lo siguiente:
With some merit, my wife calls me anal. I create three digital files: a) what I call an index of all the materials I collect; b) a file of people I wish to interview or things I need to read; c) a file of questions to be asked of each person to be interviewed. Of these files, the most vital for me is the index. For a long piece, the index can run to fifty single-spaced pages, and consists of a cross-reference system of each interview or document.
Vale la pena conocer todo su procedimiento de trabajo y ver su hoja web:
K-AULETTA
Lo interesante de esta entrevista es que el explica cómo realiza sus tareas, entrevistas y reportajes. El comienza señalando lo siguiente:
With some merit, my wife calls me anal. I create three digital files: a) what I call an index of all the materials I collect; b) a file of people I wish to interview or things I need to read; c) a file of questions to be asked of each person to be interviewed. Of these files, the most vital for me is the index. For a long piece, the index can run to fifty single-spaced pages, and consists of a cross-reference system of each interview or document.
Vale la pena conocer todo su procedimiento de trabajo y ver su hoja web:
martes, enero 16, 2007
MUSICA ELECTRONICA VENEZOLANA
Si te gusta la música electrónica y te quieres unir al grupo, pues entonces puedes hacer en el enlace de arriba. Allí puedes oir también una muestra de esta música elaborada en Venezuela, puedes incluso hacer tu blog con el apoyo de ellos y hacer también chat.
You like the electronic music? Then the best entry is the one that appears up. It is Venezuelan electronic music where even you can do your own BLOG.
Estamos también esperando lo que pasará con el servicio que se llama:
pues ellos prometen música "free" siempre que el usuario vea y oiga la publicidad. Veremos cómo funcionará, porque será muy pronto.
Brilliant Technologies Corporation is a technology holding company devoted to research and development leading to commercialization of innovative, proprietary technologies. Through its subsidiary, LTDnetwork, Inc., the Company owns a range of cutting edge proprietary software designed to facilitate and enhance ecommerce.
The Company is currently preparing for the launch of Qtrax, the company's innovative P2P file-sharing service, and has already signed deals with Universal, Sony/ATV, Warner Music Group, The Orchard, EMI Music Publishing and EMI Music, TVT Records, Go Digital, ASCAP and BMI. The Company is based in New York, New York and Melbourne, Australia.
Otro servidor que le hará la competencia se llama:
Y la compañía China:
También quieren entrar en el negocio a través de su servicio Baidu.
Beijing, China,16 January, 2007 -- Baidu and EMI Music have today announced a pioneering strategic partnership to launch an advertising-supported online music streaming service in China, the first revenue-sharing arrangement between an internet search engine and international music company in the country. EMI and Baidu have also agreed to explore developing advertising-supported music download services.
Dicen que también la empresa británica de Videos que se llama:
Estaría también dispuesta a ofrecer de una manera "free" contra publicidad, sus videos clips.
Y finalmente se puede comprar música en:
También nos camos a beneficiar con programas de TY gratuitos, ,pues dos empresarios escandinavos que anteriomente fueron los creadores de SKYPE, Janus Friis y Niklas Zennstrom ahora lanzan:
Un espacio para ver TV con banda ancha. Pero hay que esperar pues todavía están en versión beta o sea en prueba.
lunes, enero 15, 2007
The Wealth of the Nations
The Wealth of the Nations
Why nations are rich and other poor?
Alfredo Ascanio (askain)
This subject was analyzed for the first time in the classic book of the economist Scotsman Adam Smith (1723-1790), The Wealth of the Nations. The questions of that book still must be analyzed. It is a complex question because its answer is
interdisciplinary.
There are many theories to explain why exist some prosperous nations and others poor.Nations is a complex system and then are many points of view for the analysis. The factors that was discussed in the interdisciplinary doctorate, with the professor Klaus Jaffe, are the following ones and what follows is only a summary of which it will be a book of almost 200 pages.
History
The Hellenic historian Herodotus de Halicarnaso (485-452 aC) said that the nations are poor or rich by the action’s individual but in relation to the context. History and geography mold the nations. For many authors from Epicurus to the English historian Michael Cook (A Brief History of the Human Race. 2003).
J. Branford DeLonge (2002) said that exists a high correlation between growth of the population and the growth of the real gross national product (G.N.P) to prices of the dollar of 1990. The accumulation of the human wealth for million years as far as today has been growing when growing the world population. But this relation does not inform on the wealth’s distribution and the well being into the humanity.
The value of the production per capita for a million years as far as today was not important with the grew of the agriculture and the hunting and the fishing, but with the industrial revolution it begins a major distribution of the wealth and to today with the new economy of the information and the technology is increased still more.
For example, countries that went those that gave origin to the agricultural revolution like Egypt, Iraq, Iran and Syria have still not managed to consolidate the industrial revolution since have made it England, Germany and France.
The advances of the civilization occur, according to the point of view of the historian Arnold Toynbee (To Study of History-1934-1961) in the geographic peripheries whenever it exists a good climate context and a great biodiversity assured the biologist Jared Diamond in its book: Guns Germs & Steel-1999.
A modern State cannot be improvised because they are required of many years to be developed.
The Institutions
In the primitive government the main and the only institution was the solidarity of the clan. Soon it arose the communal house and the small cities and centralized governments with social norms. It appears the division of the work and the specializations. Hibbs y Olsson (2004). They compare the wealth of 112 nations with his industrial development and the relation is amazing. The institutional organization affects the future.
Geography
The climate and geography have impact in people and her culture. The vision of the satellites of the Earth indicates that the areas near Ecuador with high density of population they have less intensity of electrical light that in the subtropical or tempered zones with greater industrial development.
Countries located to a greater distance of Ecuador are more prosperous and rich. Exists correlation between the climate, the latitude and the wealth of the nations. The countries with different annual climates motivate the saving and him better planning for the use of the resources. The entropy is smaller in these geographic spaces and the capitals last more because they require less maintenance. In the geographic spaces with a better climate animals and plants are better domesticated and the endemic diseases are smaller. Tropical countries like Brazil, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan knowing their climatic limitations have invested capital in health programs, familiar planning and industrial development to obtain a better economic growth.
No climatic factors
The commerce is an important factor for the development, but countries that do not have exit to the sea like Bolivia, Afghanistan, Chad, Zambia, Mali, Mongolia and Laos have less commercial possibilities and are poor countries. Some countries that break these correlations like Luxembourg and Switzerland that are isolated countries of the sea but with excellent development. Fertile and flat land of alluvium and volcanic origin are better geographic spaces for agriculturist development. All this is related to the ecological economy.
The Genes and the DNA
The evolutionary mechanisms, the mutation at random, the inheritance, sex and the natural selection are the main elements that collect data in the DNA. Evolutionary Biology aid to understand the human behavior. The genetic origins of many abilities affect the social structures and modulate the living organisms. The genetic and racial differences can be used as a political weapon and this is tragic, like the cases of the deaths of Armenian, Jews, Gypsies, Turkish Muslims and the racial tragedy in Rwanda.
The Economy
The economy explains the dynamics of the wealth of the society. The neoclassic explained that economy the wealth of a nation is related to the capital and the work. Then the poverty can be explained by absence of capital and the productivity of the work. Other economic theories like developed by Leon Walras and John M. Keynes is to look for some balance or the multiplying effects of the expense. Also the theory liberal that it privileges the greater use of the forces of the market (supply, demand prices and competition). The theory of Mark an Engel’s who is related to the intervention of the State and the centralized Planning.
The economy modern or economy on the basis of the etiologic tries to understand the human behavior.
The relation between the per-capita wealth and the index of human development of United Nations is not a linear correlation. That is to say, in the less developed countries with a smaller increase of the wealth the effects are greater than in the developed countries. The modern industrial society does not eliminate the poverty but the poverty is smaller.
The economic inequality is an important problem. A country can have a high economic growth but a deficient distribution of the wealth. The economic is analyzed with the GINI index.
For example Japan, The USA and Nicaragua: 25,41,60. In Nicaragua 10% of the richer population consume the 50% of the wealth of the country. Educative inequality, high number of children and deficient public expense. But in some developed countries 10% of the prosperous population consume as soon as 18% of the total wealth. But in the developed countries also exists the inequality in the distribution of the rent, although more tolerable. Despite the poor men of China and India increase its income faster than the average of the citizens of the rich countries. But the countries of Africa became more poor people between 1980 and 2000.
The economic development is different from the economic growth. The economic development must incorporate the potential of existing resources in a country. But a country can have economic growth, economic development but very little progress, because it does not distribute the rent or because an institutional deficiency exists. These differences were indicated by the Argentine economist Julio H.G. Olivera of the University of Buenos Aires in 1959.
The Natural Resources
Countries with great natural resources exist and are poor (Bolivia, Nigeria and Congo). Countries with very few natural resources also exist and are prosperous and rich countries (Japan, Taiwan, Switzerland, Iceland).
The Size of the State
Exists a perverse relation between the size of the State and the little quality of its functions with the productivity of the economy. Its relation is inversely proportional.
The Bureaucracy and the Corruption
The Peruvian economist Hernando De Soto has studied the influence of these factors in the generation or not of the poverty. The potential of growth and development of a country is affected by the multitude of steps that is necessary to give to obtain the approval of projects and initiatives. Greater bureaucratic filters greater the corruption and inefficiency.
The Education
The Education is the most influential factor in the values and the culture of a country. To greater education and greater generation of wealth. And it is very important the years of schooling. In the rich countries 90% of the population have more than 12 years of schooling and in the poor countries 8 years of schooling. Also the education must be of quality and that helps to elevate the productivity and to the wealth creation. Also science and the technology contribute to elevate the wealth of a country.
The Social Capital
It is the collective value of the networks of personal relations with attitudes, traditions and customs of a country. Francis Fukuyama in the book Trust says that the interpersonal confidence contributes to create wealth because it makes the investments more efficient. The legal security is fundamental.
Growth and Development Sustainable
The calls economic miracles are related to growth and long-term development (in the time).
The Armed Conflicts and the Wars
The wars disintegrate the social institutions and promote the misery and the poverty.
Imperialism and international Capitalism
It is certain that a strong country takes advantage of the weaknesses of other societies. But the freedom and the wealth are not obtained by the good or bad will of the neighbors but by the own effort of each country with its democracy and its State of Right. To project the problems in external factors is a psychological aberration that is necessary to fight. Each country and each region must obtain high synergy.
2007/01/16 오전 6:31
Why nations are rich and other poor?
Alfredo Ascanio (askain)
This subject was analyzed for the first time in the classic book of the economist Scotsman Adam Smith (1723-1790), The Wealth of the Nations. The questions of that book still must be analyzed. It is a complex question because its answer is
interdisciplinary.
There are many theories to explain why exist some prosperous nations and others poor.Nations is a complex system and then are many points of view for the analysis. The factors that was discussed in the interdisciplinary doctorate, with the professor Klaus Jaffe, are the following ones and what follows is only a summary of which it will be a book of almost 200 pages.
History
The Hellenic historian Herodotus de Halicarnaso (485-452 aC) said that the nations are poor or rich by the action’s individual but in relation to the context. History and geography mold the nations. For many authors from Epicurus to the English historian Michael Cook (A Brief History of the Human Race. 2003).
J. Branford DeLonge (2002) said that exists a high correlation between growth of the population and the growth of the real gross national product (G.N.P) to prices of the dollar of 1990. The accumulation of the human wealth for million years as far as today has been growing when growing the world population. But this relation does not inform on the wealth’s distribution and the well being into the humanity.
The value of the production per capita for a million years as far as today was not important with the grew of the agriculture and the hunting and the fishing, but with the industrial revolution it begins a major distribution of the wealth and to today with the new economy of the information and the technology is increased still more.
For example, countries that went those that gave origin to the agricultural revolution like Egypt, Iraq, Iran and Syria have still not managed to consolidate the industrial revolution since have made it England, Germany and France.
The advances of the civilization occur, according to the point of view of the historian Arnold Toynbee (To Study of History-1934-1961) in the geographic peripheries whenever it exists a good climate context and a great biodiversity assured the biologist Jared Diamond in its book: Guns Germs & Steel-1999.
A modern State cannot be improvised because they are required of many years to be developed.
The Institutions
In the primitive government the main and the only institution was the solidarity of the clan. Soon it arose the communal house and the small cities and centralized governments with social norms. It appears the division of the work and the specializations. Hibbs y Olsson (2004). They compare the wealth of 112 nations with his industrial development and the relation is amazing. The institutional organization affects the future.
Geography
The climate and geography have impact in people and her culture. The vision of the satellites of the Earth indicates that the areas near Ecuador with high density of population they have less intensity of electrical light that in the subtropical or tempered zones with greater industrial development.
Countries located to a greater distance of Ecuador are more prosperous and rich. Exists correlation between the climate, the latitude and the wealth of the nations. The countries with different annual climates motivate the saving and him better planning for the use of the resources. The entropy is smaller in these geographic spaces and the capitals last more because they require less maintenance. In the geographic spaces with a better climate animals and plants are better domesticated and the endemic diseases are smaller. Tropical countries like Brazil, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan knowing their climatic limitations have invested capital in health programs, familiar planning and industrial development to obtain a better economic growth.
No climatic factors
The commerce is an important factor for the development, but countries that do not have exit to the sea like Bolivia, Afghanistan, Chad, Zambia, Mali, Mongolia and Laos have less commercial possibilities and are poor countries. Some countries that break these correlations like Luxembourg and Switzerland that are isolated countries of the sea but with excellent development. Fertile and flat land of alluvium and volcanic origin are better geographic spaces for agriculturist development. All this is related to the ecological economy.
The Genes and the DNA
The evolutionary mechanisms, the mutation at random, the inheritance, sex and the natural selection are the main elements that collect data in the DNA. Evolutionary Biology aid to understand the human behavior. The genetic origins of many abilities affect the social structures and modulate the living organisms. The genetic and racial differences can be used as a political weapon and this is tragic, like the cases of the deaths of Armenian, Jews, Gypsies, Turkish Muslims and the racial tragedy in Rwanda.
The Economy
The economy explains the dynamics of the wealth of the society. The neoclassic explained that economy the wealth of a nation is related to the capital and the work. Then the poverty can be explained by absence of capital and the productivity of the work. Other economic theories like developed by Leon Walras and John M. Keynes is to look for some balance or the multiplying effects of the expense. Also the theory liberal that it privileges the greater use of the forces of the market (supply, demand prices and competition). The theory of Mark an Engel’s who is related to the intervention of the State and the centralized Planning.
The economy modern or economy on the basis of the etiologic tries to understand the human behavior.
The relation between the per-capita wealth and the index of human development of United Nations is not a linear correlation. That is to say, in the less developed countries with a smaller increase of the wealth the effects are greater than in the developed countries. The modern industrial society does not eliminate the poverty but the poverty is smaller.
The economic inequality is an important problem. A country can have a high economic growth but a deficient distribution of the wealth. The economic is analyzed with the GINI index.
For example Japan, The USA and Nicaragua: 25,41,60. In Nicaragua 10% of the richer population consume the 50% of the wealth of the country. Educative inequality, high number of children and deficient public expense. But in some developed countries 10% of the prosperous population consume as soon as 18% of the total wealth. But in the developed countries also exists the inequality in the distribution of the rent, although more tolerable. Despite the poor men of China and India increase its income faster than the average of the citizens of the rich countries. But the countries of Africa became more poor people between 1980 and 2000.
The economic development is different from the economic growth. The economic development must incorporate the potential of existing resources in a country. But a country can have economic growth, economic development but very little progress, because it does not distribute the rent or because an institutional deficiency exists. These differences were indicated by the Argentine economist Julio H.G. Olivera of the University of Buenos Aires in 1959.
The Natural Resources
Countries with great natural resources exist and are poor (Bolivia, Nigeria and Congo). Countries with very few natural resources also exist and are prosperous and rich countries (Japan, Taiwan, Switzerland, Iceland).
The Size of the State
Exists a perverse relation between the size of the State and the little quality of its functions with the productivity of the economy. Its relation is inversely proportional.
The Bureaucracy and the Corruption
The Peruvian economist Hernando De Soto has studied the influence of these factors in the generation or not of the poverty. The potential of growth and development of a country is affected by the multitude of steps that is necessary to give to obtain the approval of projects and initiatives. Greater bureaucratic filters greater the corruption and inefficiency.
The Education
The Education is the most influential factor in the values and the culture of a country. To greater education and greater generation of wealth. And it is very important the years of schooling. In the rich countries 90% of the population have more than 12 years of schooling and in the poor countries 8 years of schooling. Also the education must be of quality and that helps to elevate the productivity and to the wealth creation. Also science and the technology contribute to elevate the wealth of a country.
The Social Capital
It is the collective value of the networks of personal relations with attitudes, traditions and customs of a country. Francis Fukuyama in the book Trust says that the interpersonal confidence contributes to create wealth because it makes the investments more efficient. The legal security is fundamental.
Growth and Development Sustainable
The calls economic miracles are related to growth and long-term development (in the time).
The Armed Conflicts and the Wars
The wars disintegrate the social institutions and promote the misery and the poverty.
Imperialism and international Capitalism
It is certain that a strong country takes advantage of the weaknesses of other societies. But the freedom and the wealth are not obtained by the good or bad will of the neighbors but by the own effort of each country with its democracy and its State of Right. To project the problems in external factors is a psychological aberration that is necessary to fight. Each country and each region must obtain high synergy.
2007/01/16 오전 6:31
domingo, enero 14, 2007
Mi estudio del mercado de este mi Blog
No hay duda en este análisis que Venezuela, España y los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica son los países que más se interesan por este mi blog. Claro existe un 22% de países desconocidos que también entran en el grupo de los interesados. Gracias por estar allí.
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